We'll create fresh WordPress site with Media Library Filter installed. You have 20 minutes to test the plugin after that site we'll be deleted.
This plugin adds 2 drop down menus to your Media Library (WordPress Admin Area > Media) which enable you to filter the media in your library by the taxonomies and terms (ie. categories) your media is associated with.
Media is generally “attached” to Posts, Pages, Custom Post Types, etc. All these types of posts can be associated with taxonomies and terms. This plugin allows you to filter media which is attached to any type of post by the taxonomies and terms related to those posts.
Plugin inspired by answer on StackExchange.
Limitation
The filters are only available when viewing your Media Library in “list” mode, not “grid” mode.